历年考研英语完形填空常涉及词汇、语法、逻辑、修辞等方面，旨在考察考生英语语言运用能力及理解能力。以下为历年考研英语完形填空常见类型及解析，希望能对考生有所帮助。

类型一：生活类

生活类完形填空常以具体的事件或故事作为背景，考查考生对文章主旨及细节的把握能力。例如以下这篇选自2016年考研英语真题的文章：

1. Shortly before the new year, I brought my sons back to the small town in Pennsylvania where I had grown up. We were standing in line in __A__ coffee shop when the door flew open and in walked Santa Claus. He was wearing a _B__oldfashioned red suit, had a real white beard and was ringed by happy children.

2. I felt a tinge of something–regret, __C____maybe, or just nostalgia. These were not the pure, simple childhood memories of generations past, but the astringent scent of real life, which is part of any happy childhood and cannot be found in any store or online. These were the sights__D__, sounds and smells of a real hometown, particularly at Christmas: The bakery shelves crowded with cheesecake and Stollen. The hollyberried wreaths on front doors. The brilliant decorations shining through the windows of the Odd Fellows Hall

3. I was born and raised in the middle of Main Street and I’ve tried to keep that street, and the feelings it embodies, close to me__E__. I hope my sons remember their visit to Pennsylvania, not because of Santa Claus, but because of the way a small town at Christmas can make people feel: happy, warm, loved, alive.

A. a B. B C. C D. D E. E

答案解析：

A. 此处应表示具体的地点，所以用“a”修饰强调具体的coffee shop

B. 在生活中，圣诞老人的衣服一直是这样的传统样式，所以用“oldfashioned”修饰。

C. regret: 遗憾；nostalgia:怀旧之情。文中作者较怀旧，所以选C。

D. 此处说作者回到的小镇上是种“真实的”感觉，所以用“real”修饰，而不是其他修饰语。

E. 此处修饰“我”对长街及其感觉的保持，所以用“me”。

类型二：科技类

科技类完形填空常以新兴科技为主，例如互联网、人工智能等，考查考生对新兴科技发展趋势及影响的理解能力。以下是一篇选自2019年考研英语真题的科技类完形填空：

In 2018, Facebook revealed that it was developing a braincomputer interface (BCI) that would allow users to type onto screens just by thinking. The announcement inaugurated a wave of developments in the field of BCIs, adding __A__ to a prediction in December 2016 by Brazilian neuroscientist Miguel Nicolelis that advances in BCI technology would render machines capable of replacing much of the brain’s full range of functions within less than a century.

While Nicolelis’ prediction still seems some way from _B___, researchers are making progress towards connecting computers with the human brain in new and imaginative ways.

One of them is David Eagleman, who runs the Laboratory for Perception and Action at Stanford University in California, specialising in the interface between the human brain and technology. He is developing a device called the NeoSensory belt, which tries to give deaf people the ability to hear by converting sound into vibrations they can feel on their skin.

Eagleman believes the simple principle behind his invention could have applications beyond the deaf community. One of his ideas is that intelligence agencies could use it to translate encrypted messages into imaginary soundscapes that their agents could understand via the belt.

A. Fuel B. Reach

答案解析：

A. 此处应该体现出Facebook的这一举措在脑机接口技术有所作为，所以应选“fuel”。

B. 这句话接着上一句话的说法，表示替代人类思维功能还有一段时间，所以应选“reach”。

类型三：学术类

学术类完形填空常涉及各种学术领域的研究成果及理论，例如心理学、社会学、经济学等领域，考查考生对学术领域的认知和理解。以下这篇选自2017年考研英语真题的文章便是学术类完形填空：

1.We all know that stress is bad for us. It raises our levels of the hormone cortisol （皮质醇）, weakens our immune system and can lead to sleep problems, anxiety and depression. But now researchers have discovered a __A__ effect: moderate amounts of stress can actually be good for our health and wellbeing.

2.Stressful experiences cause the brain to release cytokines（细胞因子）, proteins that trigger inflammation (炎症）as part of the body's immune response. Low levels of cytokines are a __B__ part of the immune system and help the body to fight off infections and respond to injuries. But sustained high levels of cytokines are known to promote __C__, which is implicated（牵涉）in many chronic（慢性）diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, type2 diabetes and clinical depression.

3.Now it seems that we need a certain amount of stress to push cytokine levels up into the high range that might protect us against these diseases. “The immune system plays a crucial（决定性的）role in both health and disease,” says Sheldon Cohen at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. “But chronic（慢性的） or excessive（过量的）cytokine production can be as harmful as having no immune response at all. __D__” However, if they experience moderate stress before being exposed to a pathogen（病原微生物）, the cytokine response is more efficient. This is known as the __E__ effect and has been shown in animal studies, including one by Firdaus Dhabhar, a physiologist at the University of Miami.

A. Positive B. Necessary C. Inflammation D. Both A and C E. Preconditioning

答案解析：

A. 第一段结尾注明了一些小的压力有益身心健康，即应选“positive”。

B. 在第二段开头提到“Low levels of cytokines are a __B___ part of the immune system and help the body to fight off infections and respond to injuries”，故应选“necessary”。

C. 炎症是促进慢性疾病的根源，应选“inflammation”。

D. 此处说到产生过量的细胞因子会导致免疫系统和健康都有损害，应选“both A and C”。

E. 第三段说到一旦经历中度压力，炎症因子的反应效率会更高，该现象被称为“preconditioning”（预先调节作用），应选答案E。